THE HARTFORD GRADUATE CENTER


                   36696  POLLUTION AND WASTE FROM MANUFACTURING

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          EXAM # 1 (TAKE-HOME)                      PROF. E. GUTIERREZ-MIRAVETE


                          OUT: 11/4/91  -->  DUE IN: 11/11/91


          NOTE: THE PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH QUESTION TOWARDS THE GRADE
                IS AS FOLLOWS: 1(20%); 2(25%); 3(25%); 4(15%); 5(15%).
                

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          1.- TO PRODUCE AN AMOUNT  Q*  OF FINISHED PRODUCT (PURE GOLD

          BRACELETS), A MANUFACTURING COMPANY USES AN AMOUNT OF INPUT MATERIALS

          TOTALLING  R  . THE MINIMUM PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE AMOUNT OF GOLD  
                      A
          REQUIRED TO MAKE THE BRACELETS IS  vR* . THUS,  R  - vR*   IS
                                                           A 
          THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF WASTE GENERATED BY THE PROCESS DUE TO THE

          INCOMPLETE USE OF THE MATERIAL INPUTS.

 
          A) UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES CAN  R   BECOME EQUAL TO  R* ?
                                            A

          B) HOW MUCH OF  R  - vR*  IS BY-PRODUCT WASTE AND HOW MUCH IS
                           A
             ECONOMIC WASTE?


          C) WHAT OTHER WASTE (AND/OR POLLUTANT) STREAMS MAY EXIST IN THIS
 
             PROCESS?


          D) SUGGEST TARGETS FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION IN THIS OPERATION. 




          2.- IDENTIFY AND LIST AT LEAST FIVE HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS LIKELY TO BE

          ENCOUNTERED IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING METAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES:


          A) SAND CASTING OF AN  Al-Si-Mg  ALLOY AIRCRAFT ENGINE PYLON

          B) PRODUCTION OF NICKEL POWDER FROM NICKEL CARBONYL


          C) COLD METALWORKING OF  Ti-6Al-4V  ALLOY SHEET

          D) LATHE TURNING OF 302 AUSTENITIC STANILESS STEEL

          E) BRIGHT ANNEALING OF PURE COPPER WIRE

          F) ARC WELDING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH FLUX-CORED ELECTRODE

          G) ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING OF PURE COPPER

          H) CHROMIUM ELECTROPLATING ON STEEL


          NOTE: FOR EACH CHEMICAL IN YOUR LIST, PROVIDE THE CORRESPONDING
 
          HR  VALUES FROM LEWIS', "HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS DESK REFERENCE",
 
          2ND. ED., VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD, NEW YORK, 1991.
 



          3.- DRAW SCHEMATIC PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS FOR EACH OF THE ABOVE

          PROCESSES AND SUGGEST BEST POSITIONING OF INFORMATION COLLECTION

          STATIONS FOR AN ENGINEERING MASS BALANCE/MATERIALS ACCOUNTING OF

          THE PROCESS.




          4.- A COMMONLY USED STRATEGY IN MANUFACTURING POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
 
          IS BASED ON THE USE OF EMISSIONS-REDUCTION CREDITS. COMPANIES USING
      
          CLEAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ARE ALLOWED TO SELL CREDITS TO NON-
          
          COMPLIANT MANUFACTURERS. WRITE A NO MORE THAN 25-LINE LONG ESSAY

          EXPRESSING YOUR OWN VIEWS REGARDING THE ABOVE DESCRIBED STRATEGY.




         5.- IN A RECENT INTERVIEW (THE NEW YORK TIMES 9/10/91, P. C9), THE 

         PRESIDENTIAL CHIEF OF STAFF MR. JOHN H. SUNUNU, ARGUED THAT THE 

         EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL WARMING IS "INCOMPLETE AND INCONCLUSIVE" AND THAT

         THE ADMINISTRATION HAD "A VERY STRONG COMMITMENT TO DEVELOP A
 
         SUPERIOR UNDERSTANDING OF THE REALITY OF CLIMATE CHANGE". HE ALSO

         SUGGESTED THAT THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL DRIVE TO PUT A CAP ON 

         CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, IS THE LATEST VEHICLE ADOPTED BY A 

         PERENNIAL "NO-GROWTH" MOVEMENT ROOTED IN THE EARLY 1970'S.  WRITE A

         NO MORE THAN 15-LINE LONG ESSAY STATING YOUR OWN VIEWS ON THE SUBJECT.